三七素提取工艺及检测方法的优化

本研究以三七（Panax notoginseng）植株及其产品和近缘种为研究对象,采用L₉(3 ⁴)正交试验对三七素的提取工艺进行了优化,然后利用HPLC法检测三七素含量,并对各样品中的三七素含量进行了比较分析。结果表明：优化后的三七素提取条件为超纯水、料液比1∶20（g/mL）,提取1次（10 min）;三七素在三七花蕾中的含量最高,其次是根状茎和主根,但是三七茎叶中也有较高含量的三七素,说明三七花蕾和茎叶均可作为三七素的提取原料;在三七产品中三七花的三七素含量最高,达到3.33%,其次是剪口（根状茎）、筋条（侧根）和须根;但三七素的含量与三七个头大小（头数）并无明显的相关性;在三七近缘种姜状三七（P. zingiberensis）和野三七（P. vienamensis var. fuscidiscus）主根、珠子参（P. japonicus var. major）根状茎中的三七素含量显著低于三七主根三七素含量,也显著低于三七其他部位的三七素含量,说明三七是最佳的三七素来源植物。三七素的含量主要受到物种和部位的影响,与产品规格无关。本文所建立的三七素提取方法和HPLC检测方法,能够快速简便、稳定可靠测定样品中三七素含量;并可为三七素相关标准的建立奠定基础,为三七的综合利用开发提供依据。     

超高效液相色谱串联质谱法对水产品中硝基呋喃代谢物的测定

建立了使用Waters UPLC Xevo TQ超高效液相色谱串联质谱仪检测水产品中4种硝基呋喃代谢物的分析方法。匀浆后的样品在酸性环境下水解,并用2-硝基苯甲醛衍生16h,经磷酸氢二钾提取,LMS固相萃取小柱净化后,在三重四极杆多反应监测模式下进行测定。方法采用同位素内标法定量,四种代谢物的检出限(LOD)均低于0.25μg·kg-1,线性范围在0.5μg·L~(-1)到10μg·L~(-1)间,相关系数大于0.99。在0.5、1.0和5μg·kg-1浓度下分别进行添加回收试验(n=5),回收率在75.2%~123.3%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于9.4%。     

仙草多糖提取工艺条件优化研究

采用水提法浸提仙草，以仙草多糖的提取率为指标，研究料液比、浸提温度、浸提时间及浸提次数4个因素对其提取率的影响，并从中挑取合适的因素水平进行正交试验及SPSS分析。结果表明：在这4个因素中，对提取率影响最大的因素是浸提温度，然后是浸提时间，再次是料液比，最后是浸提次数；在料液比1:60、温度100 ℃、浸提时间3 h的最优条件下，仙草多糖的提取率高达17.89 %，此时仙草多糖的含量为44.13 %。     

An improved method for extraction of sorghum polymeric protein complexes

A method for fractionating sorghum proteins using extraction solvents and techniques designed to obtain polymeric protein structures (especially disulfide linked) was developed. Extraction and separation conditions were optimized in terms of completeness of protein extraction, sample stability, and analytical resolution. After pre-extraction of albumins and globulins, a 3-step sequential procedure involving no reducing agents was applied to ground whole sorghum flour. The three fractions obtained represented proportionally different protein polymer contents and molecular weight distribution as evidenced by comparative size exclusion chromatography. Protein composition also varied among the extracts with differences in kafirin composition and non-kafirin proteins detected in the fractions by RP-HPLC and SDS-PAGE analysis. The ability to quantify and further characterize sorghum polymeric protein complexes will be useful for additional studies linking protein structures with functionality and digestibility and variations for these properties within diverse sorghum germplasm.     

裂褶菌多糖的研究进展

裂褶菌多糖(Schizophyllan)是裂褶菌(Schizophyllum commune)的主要活性成分之一.综述了裂褶菌多糖结构、提取纯化工艺和生理活性功能等方面的研究进展.     

Effect of tetrandrine on radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells

AIM: To investigate the mechanism of the radiosensitizing effect of maximum non-cytotoxic doses of tetrandrine (Tet) on nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines CNE1 and CNE2.METHODS: The cells were treated with ma-ximum non-cytotoxic doses of Tet (for CNE1 cells at 1.5 μmol/L and for CNE2 cells at 1.8 μmol/L), irradiation at 4 Gy, or combination of irradiation and maximum non-cytotoxic doses of Tet. The cell cycle distribution was analyzed by flow cytometry. The protein levels of γ-H2AX, cleaved caspase-3, p-CDC25C, CDK1, p-CDK1, cyclin B1, ERK and p-ERK were determined by Western blot.RESULTS: The expression of γ-H2AX was increased in CNE1 cells and CNE2 cells after combined treatment with irradiation and maximum non-cytotoxic doses of Tet. The percentages of CNE1 cells and CNE2 cells at G₂/M phase in irradiation group were (18.09±0.42)% and (18.48±1.32)%, respectively, which were decreased to (15.88±1.04)% and (13.80±0.82)% in combined treatment group, respectively (P<0.05). Combined treatment enhanced the increase in the protein level of cleaved caspase-3 caused by irradiation. The protein levels of p-CDC25C and p-CDK1 were increased in a dose-dependent manner by Tet treatment (P<0.05), while the expression of CDK1 showed no difference among different doses of Tet treatments. The protein levels of p-CDC25C, p-CDK1 and CDK1 showed no difference after the treatment with maximum non-cytotoxic doses of Tet. The combined treatment with irradiation and the maximum non-cytotoxic doses of Tet decreased the protein levels of p-CDC25C and p-CDK1 (P<0.05), increased the expression of cyclin B1, and had no influence on the expression of CDK1 (P<0.05). The combined treatment resulted in an increase in the protein level of p-ERK1 (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The maximum non-cytotoxic doses of Tet enhance the DNA damage and apoptosis in CNE1 cells and CNE2 cells caused by irradiation, and the mechanism might be associated with ending of G₂/M arrest via activation of ERK/CDC25C/CDK1/cyclin B1 pathways.     

超声波辅助溶剂法提取金线莲总黄酮工艺优化

旨在研究金线莲总黄酮的最佳提取工艺条件。采用超声波辅助溶剂法,在单因素实验的基础上,采用响应面法优化了金线莲总黄酮的提取工艺。结果表明:当金线莲颗粒度为100目、乙醇体积分数为40%、料液比为1:40(mg:m L)、超声波功率为250 W、超声波时间为30 min时,所得金线莲总黄酮提取率为2.13%。超声波辅助溶剂法强化了金线莲总黄酮的提取效果。     

Design of Automatic Quasi-synchronizing Device in Rural Small Hydropower Station

Generator synchronization is an important and frequent operation in rural small hydropower station. In order to ensure that generator can be paralleled in the grid automatically, efficiently, and stably in the rural small hydropower station whose parallel in operation still needs to be accomplished manually. This paper described an automatic quasi-synchronizing device, based on 89C52 Single-chip Microcomputer （SCM）. Its hardware includes three modules and its software is structuralized. The device structure is simple, and its reliability is high and the maintenance is easy. Besides, convenient Human Machine Interface （HMI） makes the parameter setting simple and flexible     

混合沙粒对半开式叶轮离心泵磨损的影响

为了研究含有混合多种颗粒粒径的含沙水对离心泵过流部件磨损特性的影响,应用RNG k-ε湍流模型和SIMPLEC算法,基于颗粒离散相模型(DPM)和半经验的McLaury磨损模型,沙粒注入选用Rosin-Rammler分布的拟合方法,对一台半开式离心泵内固液两相流的磨损特性进行数值分析.研究结果表明:叶轮流道内沙粒组分中大颗粒有趋向叶片吸力面运动的趋势,当混合沙粒的粒径较小时,蜗壳内沙粒运动较为均匀,粒径越大,沙粒运动越贴近蜗壳壁面;不同粒径组分的沙粒在叶轮的压力面、吸力面和后盖板壁面上的平均停留时间分布相似,颗粒粒径越大,平均停留时间越小;在蜗壳壁面上沙粒组分中粒径不大于700 μm的沙粒平均停留时间分布规律与沙粒在叶轮过流壁面上的平均停留时间类似,大于700 μm的沙粒平均停留时间会随着粒径增加而增大;随着沙粒组分中大粒径沙粒的增加,叶片压力面的磨损强度逐渐减弱,叶片吸力面、后盖板和蜗壳的磨损强度逐渐增强.     

地稔凝集素的提取及凝血活性的研究

为研究和利用地稔的促凝血活性物质,以地稔为试材,提取地稔凝集素,研究pH、温度和糖等理化因素对凝血活性的影响。结果表明:经硫酸铵沉淀及透析提取的地稔凝集素具有红细胞凝集活性;碱性条件下,抑制作用明显,而酸性条件有较强促进作用;温度对凝集素凝血活性影响很小;半乳糖有明显促进作用。